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Graph Neural Networks

About This Textbook

This textbook covers Graph Neural Networks from the ground up — starting with graph theory and classical graph algorithms, building through node embeddings and spectral methods, and reaching modern architectures including graph transformers, knowledge graph models, and LLM+GNN integration.

Every chapter leads with real-world motivation, builds intuition before equations, provides full mathematical derivations, and includes complete runnable code. Interactive MicroSims let you explore concepts directly in your browser.

Who This Is For

  • Graduate and advanced undergraduate students in machine learning, data mining, or network science
  • Practitioners applying graph learning to recommender systems, knowledge graphs, drug discovery, or fraud detection
  • Researchers who want a thorough reference covering both classical and frontier methods

Prior exposure to linear algebra, probability, and basic neural networks is assumed — if you need to build that foundation first, the Machine Learning Textbook covers it in full. Graph theory and PyTorch prerequisites are covered in Chapter 0.

What's Inside

27 chapters across 6 parts From prerequisites through graph foundation models
282 concepts in a dependency graph Always introduced in the right order
Interactive MicroSims p5.js simulations embedded in every chapter
Full derivations No "it can be shown that…" shortcuts
12 exercises per chapter Spanning all six levels of Bloom's taxonomy
2024–2025 benchmarks OGB results with current state-of-the-art citations

How to Navigate

Use the sidebar to move through Chapters sequentially, or jump directly to any topic. The Learning Graph shows how all 282 concepts relate to each other — useful for identifying prerequisites or planning a non-linear reading path. MicroSims can be used standalone or embedded in external course pages.

Getting Started

Begin with Chapter 0: Prerequisites if you need to refresh graph theory, linear algebra, and PyTorch basics. Otherwise, jump to Chapter 1: Introduction to Graphs to start from the foundations of graph-structured data.

Welcome from Sage

Sage waving welcome Welcome, graph explorer! I'm Sage — a graph node who learns by aggregating wisdom from my neighbors, just like the models we'll study together. Let's aggregate some knowledge!